Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents such as in blending inheritance, but can show hybrid vigour, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The characteristics of these varieties have made it easier for home gardeners to grow and they are sweeter than past crops. Interspecific hybridization is also called as intergeneric. Contribution of interspecific hybridization to the sunflower breeding michail christov dobroudja agricultural institute, 9520 general toshevo, bulgaria, email. Distant hybridization is used to produce plant forms with valuable yield and resistance to fungus diseases and pests. Genomic instability within centromeres of interspecific. In biology, biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species biochemist linus pauling stated that biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special. Interspecific hybridization, polyploidization and backcross. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which malemale competition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization and chromosomal. Intervarietal hybridization involves parents of same species as in the most common hybridization we know. Genome doubling following hybridization buggs, soltis et al. Pages on this website discuss hybridization at length. Interspecific hybridization processes between michelia.
Interspecific hybridization among cultivars of hardy hibiscus. Friedt2 1 dobroudja agricultural institute, bg 9520 general toshevo, bulgaria 2 institute of plant growing and. Interspecific hybridization in the genus leucadendron through. While clivias can be enjoyed either as pot or garden plants, some of us will also be interested in the hybridization of interspecifics. The main aim of this strategy is to merge distant gene pools, hence broadening the genetic variability. Among the 10 original wild species that have constituted the artificial species r. This thesis addresses several aspects of the genetics and reproductive biology of crossfertile, massspawning scleractinian corals, specifically in the genus acropora, and the results presented contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of hybridization in this animal group. Successful interspecific hybridization between cucumis. Barriers to interspecific hybridization in crosses between. Segregation and recombination produce many new gene combinations in f 2 and the later generations, i. Here, the crossing over takes place between two plants belonging to the same genus i. New ba and r lines, characterized with high combining ability, seed oil, and fatty acid content and varying protein amino acid contents were. Hybrid sorghums great potential for africagrain yields of sorghum could increase by 25% or more if hybrid seed systems could be implemented in africa. Dec 01, 2007 several lines of evidence suggest that, within a lineage, particular genomic regions are subject to instability that can lead to specific types of chromosome rearrangements important in species incompatibility.
Distant hybridization for crop improvement submitted by. Jun 21, 2019 intervarietal hybridization involves parents of same species as in the most common hybridization we know. Contribution of interspecific hybridization to the. Interspecific hybridization in cucumis leads to the. However, hybridization barriers often occur in interspecific crosses hampering production of hybrids. Interspecific hybridization is a traditional tool to combine useful traits from different. Interspecific hybridization has long been known in plants, but is recognized much less widely in fungi. Hybridization was performed through manual pollinations between the. Pustovoit have seeds that are up to 55 percent oil and are distinguished by group immunity to.
Interspecific hybridization of plants and resistance. Interspecific hybridization is an important driving force in plant evolution and speciation 1,2,3. The hybridization of o atom along with orbital overlap in molecule are shown in fig 9. The successful cross represents a breakthrough in interspecific hybridization in cucumis. Sexual signals and mating behaviors influence whether sympatric species interbreed, and can therefore promote or impede behavioral reproductive isolation irwin and price 1999. Interspecific hybridization an overview sciencedirect topics. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory vsepr predicts. Interspecific hybridization means hybridization between two parents from different species. Interspecies hybridization article about interspecies. Interspecific or intersectional hybridization involving crosses among species within or between sections lim et al. The current status and source of interspecific f1 hybrid parent are shown in table 1.
Disease resistant varieties of crops can be obtained by using interspecific hybridization. Hybridization among different species and genera is one of the most important breeding approaches used for improvement of ornamental plants. Paris sud, cnrs, agroparistech, universite paris saclay, 91190 gifsuryvette, france. Te proliferation in hybrids between species has been reported both in animals 12,14,15 and plants 16,17, and has been associated with a deregulation of te expression. Interspecific hybridization is widespread in nature, where it can lead to either the. In plants, gametic isolation prevents interspecific hybridization from occurring. Interspecific hybridisation and polyploidisation as tools in.
Interspecific sunflower hybrids produced by academician v. Controlled crossing resulted in fruit containing embryos which were excised and rescued on a murashige and skoog solid medium. Hybridization and introgression, which can happen in natural and hybrid populations, of new genetic material can lead to the replacement of local genotypes if the hybrids are more fit and have breeding advantages over the indigenous ecotype or species. The hybridization between two species of the same genus is called interspecific hybridization it can also be defined as the crossing over between two individuals of different species of the same genus for example. So this site, which has hybridization and its evolutionary significance as one of its primary concerns, also examines in detail the difficulties inherent in. Te proliferation in hybrids between species has been. Intraspecific or f1 hybrids are the result of crossing genetically divergent individuals from the same species. Genera that generate intergeneric hybrid are always genetically related members of the same taxonomic tribe. Here, the 5 th volume advances and topical issues is presented. Interspecific hybridization between durum wheat nd aegilops umbellulata zhuk. Meyer lemons, originating in china, are a cross between a true lemon tree and mandarin orange tree. Friedt2 1 dobroudja agricultural institute, bg 9520 general toshevo, bulgaria 2 institute of plant growing and plant protection, giesen, germany abstract. The fruit is much sweeter than traditional lemons, which makes this variety a. Stone fruit, in particular, has a seemingly unending number of interspecific hybrid varieties developed for their flavor and novel appearance.
Drosophila interspecific hybridization causes a deregulation. The comprehensive book series floriculture, ornamental and plant biotechnology, so thoughtfully, meticulously and skillfully edited by jaime a. By analyzing the meiotic configuration, banga 1988 reported the development of c genome chromosome substitution lines in b. For example, when a lioness crosses with a male leopard, the result is a leopon right.
Hybrid susceptibility hypothesis 7 species, 6 herbivores and the melampsora rust. Interspecific hybrids have the potential to capture hybrid vigour as well as combine traits that do not occur within a single species volker. Pustovoit have seeds that are up to 55 percent oil and are distinguished by group immunity to diseases and parasites. Segregation and recombination produce many new gene combinations in f2 and the later generations, i. Interspecific hybridization is common and is estimated to occur in 10% of animals mallet 2005. Interspecific hybridization induced amplification of. Dasls are known to occur spontaneously during successive backcrossings after interspecific hybridization. Barriers to interspecific hybridization in crosses between phaseolus coccineus l. For instance, the genomic stress caused by the merge of two different genomes during interspecific hybridization can lead to the activation of endogenous tes. A total of 59 vigorous plants were obtained from a fruit containing 159 embryos 37. Interspecific hybridization is common in plants under natural conditions, but the ecological mechanisms underlying when and how it happens have not fully been understood. Twelve interspecific hybrids obtained by crossing 9 different 30chromosome species of the genus linum were studied in detail for important morphological characters like, tillering, height, secondary branching, oil content, rust resistance, pollen and seed sterility in the hybrids. The small number of progeny sampled 1 to seedlings. Genomic responses to changes in ploidy and interspecific.
From 1432 pollinated flowers were obtained 43 seeds for two years, i. The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as hybridization. Interspecific hybridization is the process where closely related species mate and produce offspring with admixed genomes. Several lines of evidence suggest that, within a lineage, particular genomic regions are subject to instability that can lead to specific types of chromosome rearrangements important in species incompatibility. Interspecific hybridization barriers play a critical role in the first stage of allopolyploid. Interspecific hybrids may surpass traditional varieties in taste, shelflife, size, texture, nutrition, etc. In addition, previous interspecific hybridization studies within michelia also reported that incompatibility existed between the maternal m. Interspecific hybridization between durum wheat and. Introduction traditional perspectives on sexual selection and hybridization. Hybrids may form either by a partial or complete sexual cycle or via a parasexual process. Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and malemale competition. In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Selccion ofsln clones 2, 4 and 8 was based on seeel availability from control crosses.
Rapid genomic changes in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids and. Interspecific hybridization between rare and common plant. The chief objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation, when two genotypically different plants are brought together in f1. Although this value is constant within individuals, eukaryotic species present a wide variation in genome size, reaching differences higher than 600,000fold. As stated earlier, interspecific hybridization, either spontaneous or artificial, is at the origin of today.
Interspecific hybridization, polyploidization and backcross of. Interspecies hybridization definition of interspecies. Genomic responses to changes in ploidy and interspecific hybridization in fungi, plants and animals. Teixeira da silva, contained previously four volumes. In the present study, interspecific hybridization between b. An embryo rescue protocol was used to raise interspecific hybrids. These hybridization events can result from the introduction of nonnative genotypes by humans. Hybridization between saccharum officinarum and saccharum spontaneum. Many of the cultivars have originated from complex species crosses which have given rise to a broad range of shapes and colours to plants and flowers e.
Interspecific hybridization followed by recurrent backcrossing is an effective method to transfer the resistance trait from wild to cultivated fig. However, a clear understanding of how the word species has been used and abused is essential to understanding hybridization, whether interspecific or intraspecific. Interspecific hybridization between durum wheat and aegilops. This article discusses the principle of interspecific hybridization in different aquaculture species. Increased retrotransposition in interspecific hybrid labrador, farre et al. Interspecific f1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between cucumis sativus l. The restoration of fertility marked the creation of a new synthetic species, c. Following interspecific hybridization, there are two models for the subsequent evolution of plants. The question then arises whether the hybridization in question is still interspecific. For flower bulbs, interspecific hybridization is the most important source of genetic variation. Interspecific competition, hybridization, and reproductive. The nucleic acid hybridization is the process wherein two dna or. The potential benefits and advantages of interspecific hybridization in. Molecular and morphological characterization of new interspecific.
Seeds from a total of 18 plants of three sm clnlld and 7 plants of spl were sampled for the determination tables 2 c1i. Pdf domesticated honeybees facilitate interspecific. The bc2 plants also clustered in nine major branches, which. But hybrids do occur between many pairs widely accepted as separate species. Interspecific hybridization is a common and ongoing process in populations of.
Jan 27, 2014 dasls are known to occur spontaneously during successive backcrossings after interspecific hybridization. Within family macropodidae kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos, which exhibit recent and extensive karyotypic evolution, rearrangements involve chiefly the centromere. Interspecific hybridization among cultivars of hardy. Pdf drosophila interspecific hybridization causes a. Transcriptome shock in an interspecific f1 triploid hybrid. What is the difference between interspecific, intervarietal. The chief objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation, when two genotypically different plants are brought together in f 1.
Interspecific hybridization barriers play a critical role in the first stage of allopolyploid speciation through hgd because the formation of viable f 1 hybrids that have some degrees of fertility is a prerequisite for the occurrence of allopolyploid speciation fig. Hybridization and molecular orbital mo theory chapter 10 historical models valence bond theory vb a molecule arises from interaction of complete atoms, bound together through localized overlap of valenceshell atomic orbitals which retain their original character. A neighborjoining nj tree was generated based on this set of ssr data fig. Two major classes of hybridization barriers that impede gene flow. Interspecific hybridization an overview sciencedirect.
Content 1 introduction 2 history of distant hybridization 3 features 4 barriers associated with distant hybridization 5 techniques for production of distant hybrid 6 role of wide crossing in crop improvement 7 limitations of distant hybridization 8 achievements. Introgressive hybridization transference of genetic material across an incompletely developed interspecific barrier, usually via a partially sterile f 1 hybrid, by means of repeated backcrossing and selection of well adopted backcross types, has been termed by anderson and hubricht1938a introgressive hybridization or introgression. Genome size, also known as cvalue, is the measure of dna mass per haploid nucleus gregory 2005b and represents a crucial feature for the understanding of genome evolution and speciation kraaijeveld 2010. There are two opposing views on the role of hybridization in plant speciation. Intergeneric hybridization represents an opportunity to combine genomes from distinctly different plants and to introgress traits not found in the main genus of interest. Whitaker introduction among the genera of the cucurbitaceae gourd family used for human food, the genus cucumis contains two species of great economic importance. The genomic revolution has shown that hybridization is common, and that it may represent an important source of novel variation. Although most interspecific hybrids are sterile or less fit than their parents, some may survive and reproduce, enabling the transfer of adaptive. Pdf with the main goal of generating new groups of lilies, that combine agronomic characteristics of major importance, a large number of. A major drawback was the reduced fertility of the hybrids which was successfully restored by. The hybridization was done to improve the tolerance of arabica coffee to cbd and clr while at the same time improving the quality of robusta coffee.